-
Courses
Courses
Choosing a course is one of the most important decisions you'll ever make! View our courses and see what our students and lecturers have to say about the courses you are interested in at the links below.
-
University Life
University Life
Each year more than 4,000 choose University of Galway as their University of choice. Find out what life at University of Galway is all about here.
-
About University of Galway
About University of Galway
Since 1845, University of Galway has been sharing the highest quality teaching and research with Ireland and the world. Find out what makes our University so special – from our distinguished history to the latest news and campus developments.
-
Colleges & Schools
Colleges & Schools
University of Galway has earned international recognition as a research-led university with a commitment to top quality teaching across a range of key areas of expertise.
-
Research & Innovation
Research & Innovation
University of Galway’s vibrant research community take on some of the most pressing challenges of our times.
-
Business & Industry
Guiding Breakthrough Research at University of Galway
We explore and facilitate commercial opportunities for the research community at University of Galway, as well as facilitating industry partnership.
-
Alumni & Friends
Alumni & Friends
There are 128,000 University of Galway alumni worldwide. Stay connected to your alumni community! Join our social networks and update your details online.
-
Community Engagement
Community Engagement
At University of Galway, we believe that the best learning takes place when you apply what you learn in a real world context. That's why many of our courses include work placements or community projects.
Accessibility & LanguageNatural Sciences
Mr. Gerard Spain
B.Sc., M.Sc., Diploma in Quality
Biography
Peer Reviewed Journals
| Year | Publication | |
|---|---|---|
| (2015) | 'Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland'
Weigelt, A, Ebinghaus, R, Manning, AJ, Derwent, RG, Simmonds, PG, Spain, TG, Jennings, SG, Slemr, F (2015) 'Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland'. Atmospheric Environment, 100 :85-93 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2015) | 'Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland'
Weigelt, A,Ebinghaus, R,Manning, AJ,Derwent, RG,Simmonds, PG,Spain, TG,Jennings, SG,Slemr, F (2015) 'Analysis and interpretation of 18 years of mercury observations since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland'. Atmospheric Environment, 100 :85-93 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2014) | 'Comparisons of continuous atmospheric CH4, CO2 and N2O measurements - results from a travelling instrument campaign at Mace Head'
Vardag, SN,Hammer, S,O'Doherty, S,Spain, TG,Wastine, B,Jordan, A,Levin, I (2014) 'Comparisons of continuous atmospheric CH4, CO2 and N2O measurements - results from a travelling instrument campaign at Mace Head'. Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 14 :8403-8418 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2013) | 'Analysis and interpretation of 25 years of ozone observations at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland from 1987 to 2012'
Derwent, RG,Manning, AJ,Simmonds, PG,Spain, TG,O'Doherty, S (2013) 'Analysis and interpretation of 25 years of ozone observations at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ireland from 1987 to 2012'. Atmospheric Environment, 80 :361-368 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2012) | 'An assessment of the surface ozone trend in Ireland relevant to air pollution and environmental protection'
Tripathi, OP,Jennings, SG,O'Dowd, C,O'Leary, B,Lambkin, K,Moran, E,O'Doherty, SJ,Spain, TG (2012) 'An assessment of the surface ozone trend in Ireland relevant to air pollution and environmental protection'. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 3 :341-351 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2011) | 'Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009'
Ebinghaus, R,Jennings, SG, Kock, HH, Derwent, RG, Manning, AJ, Spain, TG (2011) 'Decreasing trends in total gaseous mercury observations in baseline air at Mace Head, Ireland from 1996 to 2009'. Atmospheric Environment, 45 :3475-3480 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2011) | 'Results from the first national UK inter-laboratory calibration for very short-lived halocarbons'
Jones, CE,Andrews, SJ,Carpenter, LJ,Hogan, C,Hopkins, FE,Laube, JC,Robinson, AD,Spain, TG,Archer, SD,Harris, NRP,Nightingale, PD,O'Doherty, SJ,Oram, DE,Pyle, JA,Butler, JH,Hall, BD (2011) 'Results from the first national UK inter-laboratory calibration for very short-lived halocarbons'. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 4 :865-874 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2011) | 'Estimation of hydrogen deposition velocities from 1995-2008 at Mace Head, Ireland using a simple box model and concurrent ozone depositions'
Simmonds, PG,Derwent, RG,Manning, AJ,Grant, A,O'Doherty, S,Spain, TG (2011) 'Estimation of hydrogen deposition velocities from 1995-2008 at Mace Head, Ireland using a simple box model and concurrent ozone depositions'. Tellus Series B-Chemical And Physical Meteorology, 63 :40-51 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2010) | 'Natural chloroform emissions from the blanket peat bogs in the vicinity of Mace Head, Ireland over a 14-year period'
Simmonds, PG,Derwent, RG,Manning, AJ,O'Doherty, S,Spain, G (2010) 'Natural chloroform emissions from the blanket peat bogs in the vicinity of Mace Head, Ireland over a 14-year period'. Atmospheric Environment, 44 :1284-1291 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2010) | 'Statistical analysis of eight surface ozone measurement series for various sites in Ireland'
Tripathi, OP,Jennings, SG,O'Dowd, CD,Coleman, L,Leinert, S,O'Leary, B,Moran, E,O'Doherty, SJ,Spain, TG (2010) 'Statistical analysis of eight surface ozone measurement series for various sites in Ireland'. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 115 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2009) | 'Methane emissions from peat bogs in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station over a 12-year period'
Derwent, RG,Simmonds, PG,Manning, AJ,O'Doherty, S,Spain, G (2009) 'Methane emissions from peat bogs in the vicinity of the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station over a 12-year period'. Atmospheric Environment, 43 :2328-2335 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2008) | 'Ten years of CO2, CH4, CO and N2O fluxes over Western Europe inferred from atmospheric measurements at Mace Head, Ireland'
Messager, C., Schmidt, M., Ramonet, M., Bousquet, P., Simmonds, P., Manning, A., Kazan, V., Spain, G., Jennings, S.G., and Ciais, P. (2008) 'Ten years of CO2, CH4, CO and N2O fluxes over Western Europe inferred from atmospheric measurements at Mace Head, Ireland'. Atmos. Chem, Phys. Discuss, 8 :1191-1237 [Details] |
|
| (2007) | 'Trends over a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007 in surface ozone at the atmospheric research station, Mace Head, Ireland'
Derwent, RG,Simmonds, PG,Manning, AJ,Spain, TG (2007) 'Trends over a 20-year period from 1987 to 2007 in surface ozone at the atmospheric research station, Mace Head, Ireland'. Atmospheric Environment, 41 :9091-9098 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2007) | 'Trends in air concentration and deposition of mercury in the coastal environment of the North Sea Area'
Wangberg, I,Munthe, J,Berg, T,Ebinghaus, R,Kock, HH,Temme, C,Bieber, E,Spain, TG,Stolk, A (2007) 'Trends in air concentration and deposition of mercury in the coastal environment of the North Sea Area'. Atmospheric Environment, 41 :2612-2619 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2006) | 'The North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (NAMBLEX). Overview of the campaign held at Mace Head, Ireland, in summer 2002'
Heard, DE,Read, KA,Methven, J,Al-Haider, S,Bloss, WJ,Johnson, GP,Pilling, MJ,Seakins, PW,Smith, SC,Sommariva, R,Stanton, JC,Still, TJ,Ingham, T,Brooks, B,De Leeuw, G,Jackson, AV,McQuaid, JB,Morgan, R,Smith, MH,Carpenter, LJ,Carslaw, N,Hamilton, J,Hopkins, JR,Lee, JD,Lewis, AC,Purvis, RM,Wevill, DJ,Brough, N,Green, T,Mills, G,Penkett, SA,Plane, JMC,Saiz-Lopez, A,Worton, D,Monks, PS,Fleming, Z,Rickard, AR,Alfarra, MR,Allan, JD,Bower, K,Coe, H,Cubison, M,Flynn, M,McFiggans, G,Gallagher, M,Norton, EG,O'Dowd, CD,Shillito, J,Topping, D,Vaughan, G,Williams, P,Bitter, M,Ball, SM,Jones, RL,Povey, IM,O'Doherty, S,Simmonds, PG,Allen, A,Kinnersley, RP,Beddows, DCS,Dall'Osto, M,Harrison, RM,Donovan, RJ,Heal, MR,Jennings, SG,Noone, C,Spain, G (2006) 'The North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (NAMBLEX). Overview of the campaign held at Mace Head, Ireland, in summer 2002'. Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 6 :2241-2272 [Details] |
|
| (2005) | 'Comparison of long-term trends and seasonal variations of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the two European coastal monitoring stations Mace Head, Ireland, and Zingst, Germany'
Kock, H.H., Bieber, E., Ebinghaus, R., Spain, T.G., Thees, B. (2005) 'Comparison of long-term trends and seasonal variations of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the two European coastal monitoring stations Mace Head, Ireland, and Zingst, Germany'. Atmos Environ, 39 (39):7549-7556 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2005) | 'Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: seasonality and evidence for a peatland source'
Carpenter, L. J., Wevill, D. J., O'Doherty, S., Spain, G., Simmonds, P. G. (2005) 'Atmospheric bromoform at Mace Head, Ireland: seasonality and evidence for a peatland source'. Atmos Chem Phys, 5 (11):2927-2934 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2004) | 'Significant growth in surface ozone at Mace Head, Ireland, 1987-2003'
Simmonds, PG,Derwent, RG,Manning, AL,Spain, G (2004) 'Significant growth in surface ozone at Mace Head, Ireland, 1987-2003'. Atmospheric Environment, 38 :4769-4778 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2003) | 'Mace head atmospheric research station characterization of aerosol radiative parameters'
Jennings, SG,Kleefeld, C,O'Dowd, CD,Junker, C,Spain, TG,O'Brien, P,Roddy, AF,O'Connor, TC (2003) 'Mace head atmospheric research station characterization of aerosol radiative parameters'. Boreal Environment Research, 8 :303-314 [Details] |
|
| (2002) | 'Quantification of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chloroform emissions over Ireland from atmospheric observations at Mace Head'
Biraud, S,Ciais, P,Ramonet, M,Simmonds, P,Kazan, V,Monfray, P,O'Doherty, S,Spain, G,Jennings, SG (2002) 'Quantification of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chloroform emissions over Ireland from atmospheric observations at Mace Head'. Tellus Series B-Chemical And Physical Meteorology, 54 :41-60 [Details] |
|
| (2002) | 'Long-term measurements of atmospheric mercury at Mace Head, Irish west coast, between 1995 and 2001'
Ebinghaus, R,Kock, HH,Coggins, AM,Spain, TG,Jennings, SG,Temme, C (2002) 'Long-term measurements of atmospheric mercury at Mace Head, Irish west coast, between 1995 and 2001'. Atmospheric Environment, 36 :5267-5276 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2001) | 'Black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide in European regionally polluted air masses at Mace Head, Ireland during 1995-1998'
Derwent, RG,Ryall, DB,Jennings, SG,Spain, TG,Simmonds, PG (2001) 'Black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide in European regionally polluted air masses at Mace Head, Ireland during 1995-1998'. Atmospheric Environment, 35 :6371-6378 [Details] |
|
| (2001) | 'Atmospheric mercury distribution in Northern Europe and in the Mediterranean region'
Wängberg, I.,Munthe, J.,Pirrone, N.,Iverfeldt, Å.,Bahlman, E.,Costa, P.,Ebinghaus, R.,Feng, X.,Ferrara, R.,Gårdfeldt, K.,Kock, H.,Lanzillotta, E.,Mamane, Y.,Mas, F.,Melamed, E.,Osnat, Y.,Prestbo, E.,Sommar, J.,Schmolke, S.,Spain, G.,Sprovieri, F.,Tuncel, G. (2001) 'Atmospheric mercury distribution in Northern Europe and in the Mediterranean region'. Atmos Environ, 35 (17):3019-3025 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (2001) | 'Estimating relationships between air mass origin and chemical composition'
Methven, J,Evans, M,Simmonds, P,Spain, G (2001) 'Estimating relationships between air mass origin and chemical composition'. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 106 :5005-5019 [Details] |
|
| (2000) | 'European greenhouse gas emissions estimated from continuous atmospheric measurements and radon 222 at Mace Head, Ireland'
Biraud, S,Ciais, P,Ramonet, M,Simmonds, P,Kazan, V,Monfray, P,O'Doherty, S,Spain, TG,Jennings, SG (2000) 'European greenhouse gas emissions estimated from continuous atmospheric measurements and radon 222 at Mace Head, Ireland'. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 105 :1351-1366 [Details] |
|
| (2000) | 'Evaluation of a Lagrangian box model using field measurements from EASE (Eastern Atlantic Summer Experiment) 1996'
Evans, MJ,Shallcross, DE,Law, KS,Wild, JOF,Simmonds, PG,Spain, TG,Berrisford, P,Methven, J,Lewis, AC,McQuaid, JB,Pilling, MJ,Bandy, BJ,Penkett, SA,Pyle, JA (2000) 'Evaluation of a Lagrangian box model using field measurements from EASE (Eastern Atlantic Summer Experiment) 1996'. Atmospheric Environment, 34 :3843-3863 [Details] |
|
| (1999) | 'Intercomparison of measurement methods for black carbon aerosols'
Hitzenberger, R., Jennings, S.G., Larson, S.M., Dillner, A., Cachier, H., Galambos, Z., Rouc, A., Spain, T.G. (1999) 'Intercomparison of measurement methods for black carbon aerosols'. Atmospheric Environment, 33 :2823-2833 [Details] |
|
| (1998) | 'Method intercomparison for the determination of black carbon content in aerosols'
Hitzenberger, R., Jennings, S. G., Larson, S. M.,Dillner, A., Cachier, H., Galambos, Z., Rouc, A., Spain, T. G. (1998) 'Method intercomparison for the determination of black carbon content in aerosols'. J Aerosol Sci, 29 (1):S751-S752 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (1997) | 'Black carbon measurements at Mace Head, 1989-1996'
Cooke, WF,Jennings, SG,Spain, TG (1997) 'Black carbon measurements at Mace Head, 1989-1996'. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 102 :25339-25346 [Details] |
|
| (1997) | 'Microphysical and physico-chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosol at Mace Head'
Jennings, S.G.,Geever, M.,McGovern, F.M.,Francis, J.,Spain, G.,Donaghy, T. (1997) 'Microphysical and physico-chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosol at Mace Head'. Atmos Environ, 31 (17):2795-2808 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (1997) | 'Microphysical and physico-chemical characterization of atmospheric marine and continental aerosol at Mace Head'
Jennings, SG,Geever, M,McGovern, FM,Francis, J,Spain, TG,Donaghy, T (1997) 'Microphysical and physico-chemical characterization of atmospheric marine and continental aerosol at Mace Head'. Atmospheric Environment, 31 :2795-2808 [Details] |
|
| (1996) | 'Concurrent measurements of black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide at Mace Head'
Jennings, S.G., Spain, T.G., Doddridge, B.G., Maring, H., Kelly, B.P., Hansen, A.D.A. (1996) 'Concurrent measurements of black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide at Mace Head'. Journal Of Geophysical Research, 101 (19):447-454 [Details] |
|
| (1994) | 'MASS MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL AT MACE HEAD, ON THE WEST-COAST OF IRELAND'
MCGOVERN, FM,KRASENBRINK, A,JENNINGS, SG,GEORGI, B,SPAIN, TG,BELOW, M,OCONNOR, TC (1994) 'MASS MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL AT MACE HEAD, ON THE WEST-COAST OF IRELAND'. Atmospheric Environment, 28 :1311-1318 [Details] |
|
| (1992) | 'Aerosol mass measurements at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland'
McGovern, F.M., Jennings, S.G., Spain, T.G., O'Connor, T.C., Krasenbrink, A., Georgi, B., and Below, M. (1992) 'Aerosol mass measurements at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland'. J.Aerosol Sci, 23 :5953-5956 [Details] |
Conference Publications
| Year | Publication | |
|---|---|---|
| (2005) | Comparison of long-term trends and seasonal variations of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the two European coastal monitoring stations Mace Head, Ireland, and Zingst, Germany
Kock, HH,Bieber, E,Ebinghaus, R,Spain, TG,Thees, B (2005) ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT Comparison of long-term trends and seasonal variations of atmospheric mercury concentrations at the two European coastal monitoring stations Mace Head, Ireland, and Zingst, Germany , pp.7549-7556 [DOI] [Details] |
|
| (1999) | Intercomparison of measurement methods for black carbon aerosols
Hitzenberger, R,Jennings, SG,Larson, SM,Dillner, A,Cachier, H,Galambos, Z,Rouc, A,Spain, TG (1999) ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT Intercomparison of measurement methods for black carbon aerosols , pp.2823-2833 [Details] |
|
| (1996) | Concurrent measurements of black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide at Mace Head
Jennings, SG,Spain, TG,Doddridge, BG,Maring, H,Kelly, BP,Hansen, ADA (1996) JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES Concurrent measurements of black carbon aerosol and carbon monoxide at Mace Head , pp.19447-19454 [Details] |
Published Reports
| Year | Publication | |
|---|---|---|
| (1999) | A study of continuous mass concentration measurements (ng m-3) of total gaseous mercury (TGM) at Mace Head, and its correlation with particulate black carbon, organic and meteorological parameters.
Coggins, AM, Jennings, SG, Ebinghaus, R, Kock, HH, Spain, TG (1999) A study of continuous mass concentration measurements (ng m-3) of total gaseous mercury (TGM) at Mace Head, and its correlation with particulate black carbon, organic and meteorological parameters. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. [Details] |
Abstract
| Year | Publication | |
|---|---|---|
| (1998) | Method intercomparison for the determination of black carbon content in aerosols.
Hitzenberger, R, Jennings, SG, Carson, SM, Dillner, A, Cachier, H, Galambos, Z, Rouc, A, Spain TG (1998) Method intercomparison for the determination of black carbon content in aerosols. Exeter, UK: Abstract [Details] |
