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The European Union

European Union (EU) law takes primacy over national law in areas of EU law competences or shared competences. Within EU law a range of housing rights protections can be found:

Migrant workers Status:

Reg. 492/2011 of 5 April, 2011.

‌ Case 249/86, Commission v Germany, 1989 EC 1263;

Case 63/86, Commission v Italy, 1988 ECR 29.

2. Race or Nationality:

See Council Directive 2000/43.

Article 13 of the Amsterdam Treaty conferred to the European Community the powers to take measures to fight discrimination on grounds of sex, race/ethnic origin, religion/belief, disability, age, and sexual orientation.

3. Gender:

See Council Directive 2004/113, (implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services).

See also the European Union Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.

4. Citizen of the Union:

Individuals have been able to rely on their status as “Citizens of the Union” to obtain access to social benefits in other Member States, such as minimum subsistence and maternity benefits.

Case C-184/99, Rudy Grzelcyck v Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies- Louvain- la-Neuve [2001] ECR I-6193;

Case C-85/96, Martinez Sala [1998] ECR I-2681;

Case C-274/96, Bickel and Franz [1998] ECR I-7637.

Case 34/09 Zambrano v Office national de l’emploi, 2011 ECR I-01177

Case C-571/10 Kamerjaj v IPES

Consumer Protection

See here for more information on consumer protection and Housing.