December University of Galway and Ulster University launch COSHARE North-South report

 Survey carried out by Ulster University and the University of Galway describes staff experiences, knowledge, engagement, and perceptions in Higher Education institutions North and South

Call for greater collaboration between Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland Higher Education sectors to enhance protections for staff and support for change  

The COSHARE North-South survey report outlines key findings from the first all-island study of Higher Education staff members’ experiences of consent, sexual violence, and harassment in Higher Education in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI).

The survey was responded to by staff members in HEIs in the North and South of Ireland with 236 (45%) of respondents in an HEI in NI and 285 (55%) in ROI. Some 75% of respondents identified as female.

The research found that, of the 364 staff who opted to respond to questions on their experiences of sexual violence and harassment, 43% have experienced some form of this behaviour in their work or personal lives in the last year and 66% in the last five years. In the context of this research, SVH is a collective term that includes physical contact or non-physical conduct of a sexual nature that occurs in the absence of clear, knowing and voluntary consent.

This collaboration by Ulster University and the University of Galway seeks to understand these experiences and bring workplace culture and wellbeing into the conversation by assessing knowledge of policies and confidence in their institution.

 Funded by the Higher Education Authority under the North-South Research Programme, COSHARE survey asked Higher Education staff about consent and sexual violence and harassment (SVH) attitudes, knowledge and experience, their awareness of how their institutions address consent, and mental wellbeing.

Participants answered questions about themselves, their campus, their experiences of SVH and perpetration, the extent to which this impacted their mental wellbeing and ability to work, and their engagement with information and education or training initiatives on the subject.

Questions on SVH included staff members’ experience of sexist harassment, unwanted sexual attention, unwanted/uncomfortable touching, sexualised comments, and attempted non-consensual sexual activities.

COSHARE Findings

Campus Culture and Climate: 14% of those surveyed agreed that SVH among staff was a problem at their HEI, 40% had a neutral opinion on these issues or said that they did not know whether SVH was a problem, while 46% disagreed that it was a problem.

Policy: less than half (46%) of the participants agreed their HEI proactively addressed issues of SVH, while one third (36%) saw their HEI senior management as visible on this issue. A clear majority of survey participants agreed that they were aware of staff policies (76%), and agreed that these were clear and explicit (60%) with 35% agreeing that they were effective.

Training and Awareness: 30-40% of staff said that they had received particular forms of information from their HEI relevant to consent, sexual violence and harassment. The rate of engagement was notably higher for seeing posters on consent / SVH (78%). Two thirds (65%) of respondents agreed that they felt a responsibility to engage with SVH at their HEI. There are encouraging signs that staff want to contribute through being involved in training: 80% displayed willingness to support initiatives and 65% said they would take an active role in delivery.

Survey respondents were presented with questions referring to their experiences in both their personal and professional lives, not just within the HEI where they worked, across the past 12 months, five years, and more.

Sexual harassment: Almost two thirds of 364 participants (64%) had experienced sexual harassment in the past five years. This included 57% who had experienced sexist hostility in last 5 years (27% in last year), 23% with an experience of electronic or visual sexual harassment (last 5 years, 11% in last year), 34% who experienced sexualised comments (last 5 years, 19% in last year), 31% who had experienced unwanted sexual attention (last 5 years, 13% in last year, and 5% with an experience of sexual coercion.

Sexual violence: One quarter of 364 participants (26%) experienced some form of sexual violence in the past five years, in their personal or professional lives: almost a quarter of staff participants had been touched in a way that made them feel uncomfortable,16% indicated unwanted attempts of stroking or kissing; and 10% had been made to touch, stroke or kiss someone when they did not want to do so.

Professor Pádraig MacNeela, Co-Lead of the Active* Consent programme, University of Galway, said: “The qualitative responses that staff gave in the COSHARE survey make for interesting reading. Some staff said that significant progress had been made in the Higher Education sector, citing more resources, education and training that have been put in place. Others saw progress as more mixed, and as trying to remedy a low baseline in the past when harassment was relatively acceptable.”

“The final group of staff said that things had not changed – they were worried that students and staff do not seem to have access to investigations that are fit for purpose, the career impact of bringing a complaint, and continuing nature of everyday sexist harassment.”

“We also found that staff want to get involved in helping to create culture change in their universities. The vast majority (over 80%) said they were willing to take part in training on bystander intervention, disclosure skills, and consent, while 65% agreed that they would take an active role in delivering such training”.

Dr Susan Lagdon, Senior Lecturer in Psychology (Mental Health) at Ulster University said: “Sexual violence and harassment is pervasive in all walks of our lives but it should not be.  These findings demonstrate concerning patterns of sexual violence and harassment experienced by staff in higher education in both their personal and professional lives. While this behaviour should never be tolerated, we are grateful to our own Higher Education Institutions Ulster University and the University of Galway for their support and encouragement to progress with this important work.

“We’re pleased that our institutions already proactively work with us on a range of initiatives that look to end violence and harassment in the workplace and are looking at the recommendations from this research. We are also grateful to our wider Higher Education colleagues who supported and facilitated dissemination and awareness raising of this research, ensuring that those who wished to contribute, had their say.”

The full COSHARE report is available to read here: https://www.consenthub.ie/research/coshare-north-south-survey-report-2024/

The research follows the Irish Government’s ‘Safe, Respectful, and Positive: Ending Sexual Violence and Harassment in Irish Higher Education Institutions’ framework, launched in 2019 to set a culture change across HEIs by engaging individuals at all levels.

Comparatively, in Northern Ireland, recent years have seen a surge of statutory agency activity, with the launch of The Executive Office’s Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) Strategy, the Ministries of Health and Justice’s Domestic and Sexual Abuse Strategy, and the Police Service of Northern Ireland’s Tackling VAWG Action Plan.

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