Monday, 16 March 2026

Scientists reveal hidden valuable secrets of Pacific coral reefs

Analysis shows living reef ecosystem host previously unknown biomolecules with potential for future medicine and biotechnology      An international consortium of scientists has uncovered new insights into coral ecosystems, revealing that different coral species host their own distinct communities of microbes.    The research, which involved a team at University of Galway, shows that coral reefs harbour diverse microbes and produce chemicals with promising potential for future application in medicine and biotechnology.    The full study is published in Nature and can be read here.     Coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the sea, supporting a third of all marine macroscopic organisms and operating as marine biodiversity hotspots with a wide range of ecosystem services such as ecotourism and nutrient cycling.     The scientific research has revealed that their true diversity lies in their microbiome - invisible to the naked eye.     With support from the Tara Pacific consortium, the international research team analysed microbiome samples collected from 99 different coral reefs across 32 islands throughout the Pacific Ocean. They reconstructed the genomes of 645 microbial species - more than 99% of which had never previously been genomically characterised. These microbes are highly specialised partners of their coral hosts, functioning as prolific producers of bioactive compounds.     The study revealed that these coral-associated bacteria contain a greater variety of biosynthetic gene clusters - the blueprints for natural products - than has so far been documented in the world’s ocean.     Dr Maggie Reddy, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, said: “When we compared our findings with microbes found on other reef species, it became clear how little we still know. Of more than 4,000 microbial species identified, only 10% have any genetic information available, and fewer than 1% of the species found only in the Tara Pacific samples have been studied at all. This shows a major gap in our understanding and underlines the need for much more biodiversity surveys, especially in under-studied regions.”    The research highlights a critical, often overlooked dimension of conservation: when coral reefs die, we don't just lose the corals, sponges, seaweeds and fish; we lose a vast "molecular library" linked to the microbial life.     And it noted that biochemical characterisation of previously unknown enzymes and compounds suggests an immense, untapped potential for biotechnology and medicine.     Professor Olivier Thomas, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, said: “The biosynthetic potential of reef-building coral microbiomes rivalled or surpassed that of traditional natural product sources like sponges. Among the biosynthetically rich bacteria in the reef microbiome, we identified previously unknown microorganisms (e.g. Acidobacteriota) living with corals that produce new enzymes with exciting potential biotechnology uses.     “The research is a clear call to action to protect our coral reefs – not just because of their value as a unique ecosystem – but to preserve the unique chemical diversity poised to enable future scientific breakthroughs.”    The study involved researchers from the Marine Biodiversity Lab at the Ryan Institute at University of Galway, led by Dr Maggie Reddy and Professor Olivier Thomas, who are part of the Tara Pacific consortium, an international consortium of marine scientists addressing the challenges our oceans face due to climate change. They worked alongside scientists in  ETH Zurich.    Dr Reddy and Professor Thomas will join an international team of scientists on the upcoming Tara Coral expedition this June in Papua New Guinea, funded by the Tara Foundation and associated public and private partners. During the voyage, they will collect additional marine samples from the region and investigate the factors that enable certain reef-building corals to be more resilient in the face of climate change.    The coral microbiome is a complex community of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and algae that live on and within coral tissues, acting as a crucial, functional unit known as the holobiont.     The microbiome samples studied in this research, published in Nature, were collected during the Tara Pacific expedition in 2016-2018. This work has mapped the microbial landscape of reef-building corals at an unprecedented scale in an ocean which is home to 40% of the world’s coral reefs.     For more information about the Tara Foundation and the Tara Coral expedition to the Coral Triangle in 2026-2027 visit: https://fondationtaraocean.org/en/expedition/tara-coral/    Ends


News Archive

Monday, 9 March 2026

Tá “Slí Abhann” nua 5km seolta ag Ollscoil na Gaillimhe chun folláine choirp agus mheabhrach na mac léinn, na foirne agus an phobail i gcoitinne a fheabhsú. Sheol Méara Chathair na Gaillimhe, an Comhairleoir Mike Cubbard, agus Uachtarán Ollscoil na Gaillimhe, an tOllamh David Burn, an tionscnamh mar chuid d’infheistíocht leanúnach na hOllscoile in áiseanna faoin aer, le tacaíocht mhaoinithe ó na cláir Cathracha Gníomhacha agus Gaillimh Shláintiúil Chomhairle Cathrach na Gaillimhe. Tosaíonn an tSlí Cois Abhann atá marcáilte as an nua ar an gcampas ag Club Rámhaíochta Choláiste Iognáid agus ritheann sé feadh bhruach Abhainn na Gaillimhe, ag críochnú ag an bpáirc rugbaí ar Champas Spóirt an Daingin. Baineann an tslí álainn cois abhann seo úsáid as an gcosán tarraingthe agus tá pointí ciliméadar marcáilte go soiléir ann chomh maith le léarscáileanna treorach chun tacú le coisithe, jagálaithe agus reathaithe de gach cumas. Is cosán í an tSlí Cois Abhann a bhfuil tóir uirthi cheana féin ag grúpaí reatha agus pobail áitiúla agus spreagfaidh sé daoine ag gach leibhéal, ó choisithe go lúthchleasaithe agus iad siúd atá ag traenáil. Dúirt Méara Chathair na Gaillimhe, an Comhairleoir Mike Cubbard: "Tá áthas ar Chomhairle Cathrach na Gaillimhe tacú le forbairt Shlí Cois Abhann, trínár gcláir Cathracha Gníomhacha agus Gaillimh Shláintiúil. Trí na cláir seo, tá súil againn gur cathair inar féidir le gach duine, beag beann ar aois nó ar chumas, taitneamh a bhaint as sláinte agus folláine choirp agus mheabhrach go hiomlán a bheas dá mbarr. Is sampla den scoth é seoladh Shlí Cois Abhann d’áis aclaíochta saor in aisce ar feadh na bliana i gcroílár Chathair na Gaillimhe. Comhghairdeas le hOllscoil na Gaillimhe as seoladh na saoráide seo a mbainfidh an pobal an-leas as gan dabht.”             Dúirt an tOllamh David Burn, Uachtarán Ollscoil na Gaillimhe: “Le seoladh Shlí Cois Abhann, táimid ag neartú ár dtiomantais tacú le folláine choirp agus mheabhrach ár mac léinn, ár bhfoirne agus an phobail i gcoitinne. Is cuid shainiúil dár gcampas Abhainn na Gaillimhe agus is beag ollscoil a bhfuil slí 5km cois abhann mar seo acu. Agus tú ar an tSlí, timpeallaithe ag uisce agus ag crainn, cheapfá gur faoin tuath atá tú, cé nach bhfuil tú ach cúpla nóiméad ó chroílár chathair na Gaillimhe. Is gné neamhchoitianta agus uathúil de shaol an champais í agus táimid ar bís í a roinnt le gach duine.”             Bhí an méid seo a leanas le rá ag Des Ryan, Stiúrthóir Spóirt agus Folláine Coirp Ollscoil na Gaillimhe: “Cuirfidh sé go mór leis an gcampas do mhic léinn, don fhoireann agus don phobal i gcoitinne. Cuideoidh sé leis an té atá aclaí cheana féin agus gríosfaidh sé an té atá ag smaoineamh ar a bheith níos aclaí. Spreagfaidh sé daoine le siúl, sodar nó rith, agus cabhróidh siad seo go léir lenár bhfolláine choirp agus mheabhrach agus tabharfaidh sé fuinneamh breise dúinn don obair, don saol agus só a bhaint as rudaí. "I measc na mbuntáistí a bhaineann le gníomhaíocht choirp tá laghdú ar an mbaol a bhaineann le galair ainsealacha, feabhas a chur ar ghiúmar agus ar chaighdeán codlata, agus matáin agus cnámha a láidriú. Cuidíonn sé le meáchan a bhainistiú, leibhéil fuinnimh a mhéadú, feidhm chognaíoch a fheabhsú i measc daoine scothaosta, agus cuidíonn sé le galair cosúil le hairtríteas agus dúlagar a bhainistiú. Tá sé mar aidhm ag an gcosán Slí Cois Abhann gníomhaíocht choirp a bheith níos inrochtana, níos infheicthe agus go mbeadh sé níos éasca ar gach duine tabhairt fúithi.” Comhthionscadal a bhí anseo idir Oifig na bhFoirgneamh agus na nEastát san Ollscoil agus an tAonad Spóirt, le tacaíocht mhaoinithe ó Chathracha Gníomhacha na Gaillimhe trí Chiste Cuntas Díomhaoin Spórt Éireann agus ó Chathair Shláintiúil na Gaillimhe tríd an gCiste Éire Shláintiúil a fuair tacaíocht ón Roinn Sláinte. Cuirfidh an cosán nua Slí Cois Abhann leis na háiseanna folláine faoin aer agus le bonneagar na hOllscoile, atá leathnaithe le blianta beaga anuas agus a thacaíonn le breis is 40 club spóirt, grúpaí mac léinn, tionscnaimh foirne agus eagraíochtaí pobail. I measc na n-áiseanna tá: Cúirt cispheile lánmhéide faoin aer Cúirt cispheile 3v3 Áiseanna leadóige boird Dhá stáisiún aclaíochta faoin aer An tIonad Spóirt agus Campas Spóirt an Daingin Tá físeán gearr a léiríonn Slí Siúlóide/Sodair/Reatha nua Cois Abhann ar fáil ag https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPtiPieIwME   Críoch

Monday, 9 March 2026

University of Galway has unveiled a new 5km River Route to enhance physical and mental wellbeing for students, staff and the wider community. The initiative was launched by Mayor of the City of Galway, Councillor Mike Cubbard, and University of Galway President, Professor David Burn, as part of the University’s ongoing investment in outdoor facilities, with funding support from Galway City Council’s Active Cities and Healthy Galway programmes The newly marked River Route begins on campus at the Jes Rowing Club and runs along the banks of the River Corrib, finishing at the rugby pitch within the University’s Dangan Sports Campus. The scenic riverside route makes use of the tow path and features clearly marked kilometre points and navigation maps to support walkers, joggers and runners of all abilities. The River Route formalises and enhances a pathway already popular with local running and community groups and is designed to encourage participation by people at every level, from casual walkers to more competitive athletes and those in training. Mayor of the City of Galway, Councillor Mike Cubbard said: ”Galway City Council is delighted to support the development of this fantastic River Route, through our Active Cities and Healthy Galway programmes. These programmes envision a Galway City where everyone, regardless of age or ability, can enjoy physical and mental health and wellbeing to their full potential. The launch of the River Route is an excellent example of a free year-round exercise facility in the heart of Galway City. Congratulations to University of Galway on the launch of what will no doubt be a very well-used facility for the community.”             Professor David Burn, University of Galway President, said: “With the launch of this new River Route, we are strengthening our commitment to supporting the physical and mental wellbeing of our students, staff and the wider community. The River Corrib is a defining feature of our campus and very few universities can offer a 5km riverside experience like this. When you are on the route, surrounded by water and trees, it feels like being in the countryside, even though you are just minutes from the heart of Galway city. It’s a rare and unique part of campus life that we’re excited to share with everyone.”             Des Ryan, Director of Sport and Physical Wellbeing at University of Galway, said: “This is an excellent addition to our campus for students, staff and the wider community. It will act as a support for people who are active and an inspiration for people who are thinking of being more active. It will influence people to walk, jog or run, all of which will help improve our physical and mental wellbeing and give us extra energy for work, life and the things we enjoy. “The benefits of physical activity include reducing the risk of chronic diseases, improving mood, enhancing sleep quality, and strengthening muscles and bones. It helps manage weight, boosts energy levels, improves cognitive function in older adults, and aids in managing conditions like arthritis and depression. The new River Route aims to make physical activity more accessible, visible and achievable for everyone.” The project was a collaborative project between the University’s Buildings and Estates Office and the Sports Unit, with funding support from Active Cities Galway through Sport Irelands Dormant Account Fund and Healthy Galway City through the Healthy Ireland Fund supported by the Department of Health. The new River Route builds on the University’s outdoor wellbeing facilities and infrastructure, which has expanded in recent years and supports more than 40 sports clubs, student groups, staff initiatives and community organisations. The facilities include: A full-size outdoor basketball court A 3v3 basketball court Table tennis facilities Two outdoor exercise stations The Sports Centre and Dangan Sports Campus A short video overview of the new River Walk/Jog/Run Route is available at https://youtu.be/kPtiPieIwME. Ends

Monday, 2 March 2026

New research led by University of Galway has found that burning "low smoke" manufactured fuels release tiny ultrafine particles that are potentially more harmful to human health.  Scientists at the University’s Ryan Institute carried out a series of controlled burn experiments using peat, wood, “low‑smoke” manufactured products, including “low‑smoke” coal - where smoky coal has been prohibited since 2022 - in domestic stoves to understand exactly what different home‑heating fuels release into the air.  The researchers measured the smoke using advanced instruments that track how many particles are produced, how big they are, and what they are made of.  The team also collected real‑world air measurements in Dublin and Birr, Co Offaly over several years, allowing them to compare laboratory results with what people actually breathe during winter pollution episodes. By combining these measurements with statistical fingerprinting techniques and established lung‑deposition models, the researchers identified which fuels contribute most to harmful pollution and how deeply those particles can penetrate into the respiratory system.  The results - observed in a “low smoke” zone in Ireland but relevant across Europe and highly consequential for rapidly transitioning regions such as China and India - show that EU, international and national regulatory frameworks need to respond faster to the growing body of scientific evidence.  The research has been published in Nature Geosciences here.  The study was led by the Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, in collaboration with partners from Ireland, China, Australia and the USA. Professor Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Director of the Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, said: "Our study shows that in trying to cut particulate mass, emissions of the tiniest particles have unintentionally been driven up, which may be even more harmful to human health. These ultrafine particles from 'low smoke' fuels penetrate deepest into the lungs, from there to the cardiovascular system, and they can even reach the brain.  “Based on this data, we underscore the need to move away from residential solid fuel burning as part of the wider societal aim to decarbonise the economy by 2050."  The findings also highlight the urgent need to revise EU and International air quality standards to include ultrafine particles, ensuring air quality management strategies reduce mass concentration while not increasing ultrafine particle numbers.   The study demonstrates that replacing smoky fuels with “low-smoke” counterparts results in a two to three-fold increase in ultrafine particle emissions. Considering that the smaller ultrafine particles can penetrate deeper into the lungs and deposit there, this newly documented trend may offset some of the benefits of reducing smoke emissions. Instead of reducing the human exposure to ultrafine particles by reducing the total particulate matter (PM) mass, it results in an increase in the number of ultrafine particles and, potentially, health effects. Study shows that the particle number concentrations are significantly (ten times) underestimated in current air quality models   Air pollution is responsible for several million premature deaths worldwide each year. A major driver behind this alarming statistic is exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5; less than 2.5 µm in diameter). Even in Ireland – often perceived as having clean air – PM2.5 pollution is linked to more than 1,700 premature deaths annually. Compared to PM2.5, ultrafine particles (less than 100 nm in diameter) induce more severe pulmonary inflammation and exhibit prolonged lung retention due to their ability to penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, even crossing the bloodbrain barrier. Their toxicity increases with decreasing size, larger specific surface area, surface-bound constituents, and inherent physical properties.  Despite the health burden of ultrafine particles being increasingly recognised in European policy with the recently revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (EU 2024/2881), which for the first time introduces mandatory monitoring of ultrafine particles across Member States. This study adds to the body of evidence that the directive needs to go even further and define binding regulatory limit values for ultrafine particles.  The Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies at University of Galway provides evidence to national and EU policymakers, supporting the development of air‑quality standards, emission‑reduction strategies, and climate‑action planning. Its work underpins Ireland’s capacity to meet emerging regulatory requirements, including the new EU obligations for ultrafine particle monitoring.  The research was funded by the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment and Taighde Éireann – Research Ireland.  Ends


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